What is the gold standard method for viral testing in aquatic species?

The gold standard method for viral testing in aquatic species is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). PCR is highly sensitive and specific, allowing for the detection of low levels of viral genetic material. This technique amplifies specific segments of DNA or RNA, enabling the identification of viruses even when they are present in small quantities. Because PCR can target genetic material, it provides a rapid and reliable means of diagnosing viral infections, which is crucial for managing health in aquatic populations.

Other methods like culture techniques can be time-consuming and may not be successful if the virus cannot be easily cultured. ELISA tests, while useful for detecting specific antigens, may not be as sensitive as PCR for certain viruses. Western blotting, which is used for protein detection, also lacks the specificity and sensitivity that PCR can offer for viral pathogens. Thus, PCR stands out as the preferred method in the context of viral testing in aquatic species.